List of all active robots on and around Mars

Humanity has populated Mars with a variety of robots over the years. From rovers to landers to orbiting spacecraft, there’s been a lot – and it can be overwhelming. Read on to see all the missions still active on and around Mars today.

In the late 1960s, when people were asked when humanity would colonize Mars, most said within a decade. It’s clear that off the excitement of the Moon landings, the red planet seemed obtainable. And according to NASA Astronaut Chris Hadfield, it was.

“We could send people to Mars decades ago,” Hadfield told Business Insider. “The technology that took us to the moon and back when I was just a kid — that technology can take us to Mars.” Knowing the risks of a long deep space journey and being dumped on a world with conditions harsher than any on Earth, he went on to explain we didn’t go because ‘the majority of the astronauts wouldn’t make it.’

It’s a long 34 million-mile slog through space to reach Mars (when it’s closest to Earth). A trip that could take anywhere around seven months, traveling at about 24,600 mph or 39,600 kph (the speed of a spacecraft leaving Earth’s atmosphere). This increases the risks of mechanical failures, radiation, starvation, and many other unforeseen problems.

Instead, humanity turned to robots.

Since the 1970s, scientists have sent three types of spacecraft to Mars. One kind, called orbiters, take images as they orbit around the planet. Another, called landers, provide images and data from their fixed landing spots. And lastly, rovers specialize in exploration and are remotely operated by teams on Earth.

There have been 30 dedicated space missions to Mars. These are the 12 that remain active:

Type	Name	Agency	Launch Date	Date entered orbit
Orbiter	2001 Mars Odyssey	🇺🇸 NASA	7 April 2001	24 October 2001
Orbiter	Mars Express	🇪🇺 ESA	2 June 2003	25 December 2003
Orbiter	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	🇺🇸 NASA	12 August 2005	10 March 2006
Orbiter	MAVEN	🇺🇸 NASA	18 November 2013	22 September 2014
Orbiter	ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter	🇪🇺 ESA 🇷🇺Roscosmos	14 March 2016	19 October 2016
Orbiter	Emirates Mars Mission (Hope)	🇦🇪 UAESA	19 July 2020	9 February 2021
Orbiter	Tianwen 1	🇨🇳 CNSA	23 July 2020	10 February 2021
Rover	Curiosity	🇺🇸 NASA	26 November 2011	6 August 2012
Rover	Perseverance	🇺🇸 NASA	30 July 2020	18 February 2021
Rover	Zhurong	🇨🇳 CNSA	23 July 2020	1 June 2021
Lander	InSight	🇺🇸 NASA	5 May 2018	26 November 2018
Helicopter	Ingenuity (part of Percy)	🇺🇸 NASA	30 July 2020	18 February 2021

Check out other Space Explored stories on Mars:

• NASA’s Insight lander captures sound of meteorites hitting Mars
• Perseverance rover finds organic matter in rock samples on Mars