Virgin Orbit
Virgin Orbit was an air-launch, SmallSat launch company based in Long Beach, California. The company spun out of Virgin Galactic and was own by Richard Branson’s Virgin Group.
The company’s mission was based on an, at the time, pioneering idea called “rapid responsive launch.” The plan would be able to launch anywhere in the world within months or weeks of purchasing the flight. Now we see that happen everywhere in the launch industry.
Virgin Orbit’s method would consist of launching a liquid fueled, two-stage rocket from the wing of a Boeing 747 airplane. The rocket, called LauncherOne, and the aircraft, CosmicGirl, could operate from almost any commercial runway in the world.
LauncherOne flew for a total six times with four of them being successful. A rather impressive launch rate for a new company pushing its technology to the limits. However it was not enough to save the company.
LauncherOne’s first flight was in May of 2020 with intern and student built satellites. However, it failed to reach orbit due to a problem with the first stage. Virgin Orbit went on to successfully launch four straight LauncherOne rockets.
The final flight of LauncherOne took place out of Spaceport Cornwall in the UK in January 2023, the previous flights originated out of Mojave Air and Space Port. This flight failed due to an issue with the rocket’s second stage, losing the handful of satellites it carried.
This turned out to be the final straw that broke its back as Virgin Orbit went on to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2023. The company was strapped for cash for a few quarters already and continued to fail at the very idea it originated, rapid launches.
Its competitors divided up its remaining assets in a an auction with Rocket Lab, Firefly, Stratolaunch, and Launcher gaining much of its technology, equipment, and facilities.