Theresa Cross

As NASA’s Artemis program moves forward, questions occasionally arise about the role of the Lunar Gateway, the planned lunar-orbiting station intended to support long-term exploration. It remains part of NASA’s publicly stated architecture, but it is also reasonable to examine what Artemis could look like if that element were delayed, scaled back, or ultimately not flown. 

SpaceX is signaling a recalibration of its near-term priorities, placing renewed emphasis on the Moon as the fastest path toward a self-sustaining off-world settlement, while maintaining Mars as a longer-term objective. The shift is being framed not as a retreat from interplanetary ambition, but as a sequencing decision driven by logistics, cadence, and risk reduction. 

When people picture Artemis 2, the first human flight to the Moon in more than 50 years, they usually visualize Orion’s cone-shaped crew capsule riding atop NASA’s Space Launch System, the American heavy-lift rocket that gets it off the pad in Florida. But once Orion is in space, the mission quickly becomes a story of international systems engineering, with one of the most critical pieces being European-built.

When astronomers talk about the “dark universe,” they’re usually referring to things that can’t be seen directly – dark matter, which makes up most of the universe’s mass, and the earliest stages of galaxy formation. Now, astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have helped confirm the existence of a rare object that connects both ideas: a starless, gas-rich structure dominated by dark matter, known as Cloud-9.

After three decades of discovering exoplanets, astronomers are turning to a harder question: which of those distant worlds might truly be capable of supporting life? NASA has taken an early step toward answering it by selecting industry partners to mature key technologies for the proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory, a next-generation space telescope designed to directly image Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars.

As the International Space Station approaches the end of its operational life later this decade, low Earth orbit is entering a transition that may be just as consequential as the station’s original construction. NASA has made clear that, rather than replacing the ISS with another government-owned outpost, it intends to purchase services from commercially owned space stations, freeing the agency to focus its resources on deep space exploration and the Artemis program.

When Planet and Google confirmed their collaboration on orbital data centers, the announcement landed quietly, but its implications reach beyond a single partnership. Planet, best known for operating the world’s largest fleet of Earth-imaging satellites, is now working with Google on a research effort that examines whether computing infrastructure typically housed on Earth can function in orbit. 

China’s upcoming Chang’e-7 mission, targeted for launch later this year, is officially framed as a scientific investigation of the Moon’s south pole. But viewed in context, it also represents a calculated step in a rapidly intensifying global race to establish long-term presence at the lunar poles, where science, technology development, and geopolitical competition increasingly intersect.

At the intersection of biotechnology and space manufacturing, LambdaVision recently closed a $7 million seed funding round to accelerate development and space-based manufacturing of its protein-based artificial retina. This injection of capital, led by Seven Seven Six and Aurelia Foundry Fund, with participation from Seraphim Space, extends the company’s operational runway into 2027 and underpins plans to scale production of next-generation vision-restoring implants in low Earth orbit. 

As Earth’s orbital environment becomes increasingly crowded and contested, the ability to respond rapidly in space is emerging as a critical technological challenge. Gravitics’ newly unveiled Diamondback orbital carrier introduces a novel approach to this problem, one that treats orbit not as a destination, but as an operational domain requiring persistent infrastructure.

While robotic missions like China’s upcoming Chang’e-7 are expected to map resources and test technologies at the Moon’s south pole, NASA’s Artemis 2 mission represents a different but equally critical pillar of the modern lunar race: the return of humans to deep space beyond low Earth orbit. Scheduled for launch no earlier than February 6, 2026, Artemis 2 will be the first crewed mission of the Artemis program and the first human journey beyond Earth orbit since Apollo 17 in 1972.

A new phrase has been quietly circulating through space-industry discussions over the past year: Orbital data centers. The idea sounds futuristic – server farms in orbit – but it is gaining attention for a very practical reason. Space is producing more data than Earth can efficiently handle.

No spacecraft returns from orbit the way a commercial airplane descends: all spacecraft returning from orbit must endure a fiery atmospheric reentry, where the atmosphere behaves less like air and more like a blazing barrier of compressed plasma. Spacecraft must meet it with blunt shapes, heat-resistant materials, and aerodynamics designed not for elegance, but for survival during their unpowered descent.

As humans prepare to build long-term bases on the Moon and eventually on Mars, most attention naturally focuses on rockets, habitats, and life-support systems. Yet some of the most valuable partners in creating sustainable worlds beyond Earth may be among the smallest creatures we know: insects. Though they cannot play any ecological role aboard the International Space Station, they may become essential to agriculture and recycling in future off-world settlements.

CubeSats began as a simple idea: standardize a tiny satellite so anyone could build one and share a rocket. The basic “1U” block is a 10 -centimeter cube. Larger variants – 2U, 3U, 6U, 12U, even 16U – snap together like Legos. 

For all their power, rockets remain at the mercy of the sky. A launch vehicle can withstand hundreds of tons of thrust, heat that rivals the Sun’s surface, and the vibrations comparable to a small earthquake – but a shift in wind or a charged cloud layer can still stop everything on the pad.

They have come from a fragile blue sphere, wrapped in oceans and clouds. They walk in sealed suits, carrying their air like infants carry blankets. They are aliens – strangers who bend local dust into shelter and harvest light into food. They call themselves human.

Astronomers using the ATLAS telescope in Chile detected a faint, fast-moving object on July 1 that was later confirmed to be traveling on a hyperbolic path through the solar system. The object, now designated 3I/ATLAS, is the third known interstellar body ever discovered, following ‘Oumuamua in 2017 and Borisov in 2019.

A Falcon 9 rocket lifted off at 6:11 p.m. EDT September 14 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station carrying the first mission of Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL spacecraft. Designated NG-23, it is the most capable version of Cygnus to date, loaded with over 11,000 pounds of research and supplies bound for the International Space Station. 

The race to return humans to the Moon is not just about planting a flag. At stake is something less visible but far more consequential: who sets the rules, builds the infrastructure, and defines the operating playbook for the next era of space exploration. And the answer could ripple far beyond the Moon, shaping how – and how soon – humans reach Mars. 

With New Shepard back in service, New Glenn preparing for another flight, and lunar systems advancing, Blue Origin heads into late 2025 with progress on multiple fronts. The company is simultaneously running programs in suborbital tourism, orbital launch, propulsion, and lunar vehicle development, together outlining a transportation architecture that spans Earth orbit to cislunar space.