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FAA – Federal Aviation Administration

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The Federal Aviation Administration or FAA is a US Government agency which has the authority over all aspects of aviation and airspace control over the United States of America. The agency in recent years has also taken the helm of regulating the commercial spaceflight sector, from launches to reentry, the FAA has the final say if something can happen.

In 1984, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 which set up the Office of Commercial Space Transportation within the FAA. This office is in charge of regulating launch license for both commercial rockets and spaceports, handling reentry licenses, and ensuring safety standards are met.

The FAA specifically only oversees the private sector and does not have authority over national defense or civil (NASA) spaceflight operations. So while the FAA would be the ruling authority over missions from Axiom, Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, or SpaceX flights from private customers, NASA has the authority during NASA related missions like crew rotations and ISS resupply flights.

That being said, NASA, the Department of Defense, the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board routinely work together in keeping space operations safe. Notably the FAA, NASA, and depending on the severity, the NTSB all oversee mishap investigations of failed rocket launches.

There has been plenty of criticism of the FAA’s regulating of the commercial space sector and companies have pleaded with congress to increase its staffing to better suit the needs of the industry. This can be seen during launch operations where FAA safety inspectors are required to be on site and the office just doesn’t have enough to support multiple launch countdowns at once.

SpaceX claims the FAA did not stop it from breaking regulations, then fined them

This week the FAA announced new fines against SpaceX for violating its launch license during Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches back in 2023. However, the company states that the FAA was a part of the decision-making for moving forward with one of the violations, and allowed it to continue with its launch.

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SpaceX Falcon 9 grounded again after failed landing on Starlink mission [U: Flights can resume]

UPDATE: The FAA has cleared SpaceX to resume Falcon 9 launches while the mishap investigation continues.

For the second time this year, SpaceX‘s workhorse rocket, and the most launched rocket in the world, is grounded after the booster failed to successfully land on its drone ship out in the ocean. This triggered a mishap investigation by the FAA, which means SpaceX won’t be able to launch again until it can show it won’t cause any risk to public safety.

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SpaceX Falcon 9 cleared to fly as soon as this weekend

SpaceX has been cleared by the FAA to resume flight operations for its Falcon 9 rocket, even though the company’s investigation hasn’t yet been fully closed. SpaceX released a statement detailing what caused the failure of its second stage earlier this month and a short term fix ahead of Saturday’s early morning Starlink launch.

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Navigating the future of commercial spaceflight regulation

As the deadline looms for Congress to decide on the future of commercial human spaceflight regulation, most space related insiders agree the industry is at a pivotal crossroad. The current restrictions encapsulating the “learning period” that limits the Federal Aviation Administration’s ability to regulate the safety of spaceflight participants are under scrutiny. These provisions are set to expire March 8 and United States House of Representatives and Senate negotiators are in the throes of finalizing a new long term FAA reauthorization bill. 

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Starship/Super Heavy Final Environmental Assessment to be released by the year-end

As SpaceX and the FAA work towards closing out the Starship/Super Heavy Environmental Assessment, more details have been released. Transcripts from the two virtual public hearings about the PEA were released along with an estimated timeline for the Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment being released. This date is currently December 31, 2021.

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